Brain metastases present a significant public health issue, affecting more than 100,000 patients per year in the U.S. and result in significant morbidity.

Microdiscectomy is a standard technique for the surgical treatment
of lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

The neurosurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms dates back to 1937, when Dandy1 described microsurgical obliteration of a posterior communicating artery aneurysm.